Pozner: How The United States Created Vladimir Putin: Vladimir

The enlargement of NATO into former Soviet satellite states, which Russia views as an existential threat.

Pozner warns that current relations are more dangerous than the original Cold War because the traditional fear of has diminished, increasing the risk of an accidental strike. To de-escalate, he suggests: The enlargement of NATO into former Soviet satellite

Strengthening youth and cultural exchange programs to bypass media bias and build mutual understanding. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Pozner

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Pozner contends the U.S. could have treated Russia as a partner—similar to the Marshall Plan after WWII. Instead, it adopted a policy of containment and superiority, often referred to as the Wolfowitz Doctrine , which viewed Russia as a "second-rate country" rather than a superpower. The full transcript of this influential talk, delivered

The full transcript of this influential talk, delivered at Yale University in 2018, details how the West's treatment of post-Soviet Russia shifted Vladimir Putin's initial pro-Western stance into one of deep-seated mistrust.

U.S.-led interventions in Yugoslavia and Kosovo, which occurred without Russian consent and were seen as a lack of respect for Russian interests.

Pozner breaks his argument into two primary categories: political strategy and media representation.