: Treated via varicocelectomy (surgical tying off of enlarged veins) or percutaneous embolization, typically if it causes pain or infertility [6].
: This is a medical emergency requiring immediate surgery to untwist the spermatic cord and restore blood flow [3].
: The primary imaging tool used to distinguish between solid masses (potentially cancerous) and fluid-filled cysts (benign) [8].
: Screening for tumor markers like AFP, beta-hCG, and LDH [9].
: Managed through Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) via gels, patches, or injections [7]. Diagnostic Procedures
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