The shape of the lens can be altered in real-time by adjusting the volume of the liquid or the geometry of the containment frame, allowing for the creation of complex, non-spherical (aspheric) lenses in a fraction of the time required by traditional manufacturing.

A key feature of this fabrication method—often referred to as —is its ability to create high-quality optical components without mechanical processing (like grinding or polishing).

Instead of using physical molds or tools, researchers leverage the natural physics of liquids, specifically: