Metatarsus adductus, Achilles tendon tightness, and hammertoe are frequently observed alongside HV. 3. Diagnosis and Clinical Assessment
Hallux valgus, often referred to as a bunion, is a prevalent forefoot deformity, affecting 23% to 35% of the population, with a higher incidence in women. The pathology involves a lateral deviation of the hallux and medial deviation of the first metatarsal, leading to a prominent bursa on the medial aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. While pain is the primary driver for seeking care, many patients also report cosmetic concerns and difficulty with footwear. 2. Etiology and Pathogenesis
This draft covers the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hallux valgus, utilizing current research and established clinical guidelines. Download Hallux valgus pdf
Conservative measures are aimed at symptomatic relief, as they do not reverse the bony deformity. (PDF) Hallux Valgus - ResearchGate
Patients typically present with pain over the medial bony prominence (bunion), worsened by footwear pressure, and sometimes associated with bursitis. Radiographic Metrics (Weight-bearing): Hallux Valgus Angle (HVA): Normal 40∘is greater than 40 raised to the composed with power Intermetatarsal Angle (IMA): Normal <9∘is less than 9 raised to the composed with power (between 1st and 2nd metatarsal shafts). The pathology involves a lateral deviation of the
Female sex, age, family history, flat feet (pes planus), and chronic wearing of narrow-toed, high-heeled shoes.
Measured using the longitudinal axes of the first metatarsal and proximal phalanx. 4. Management Strategies Etiology and Pathogenesis This draft covers the etiology,
Hallux Valgus: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment