: Connects end-user devices (workstations, printers, IoT) to the network.
: Contains business and collaborative applications that leverage the services below. 2. Key Design Principles
: Allocates resources to applications via "transparent services" (like QoS or security) and "exposed services".
: All IT resources (servers, storage, clients) are interconnected across a converged foundation.
: Networks now use AIOps for predictive troubleshooting and autonomous self-healing.