: To investigate how "non-conducive regulatory environments" prevent refugees from accessing essential services like mobile connectivity, banking, and digital finance. Key Focus Areas :

Recognize alternative forms of ID, such as UNHCR-issued certificates .

: Inability to open bank accounts or use mobile money due to lack of recognized identification documents.

Implement tiered KYC systems that allow for small-scale digital transactions with simplified ID.

Expand national telecommunications plans to include informal settlements and rural areas.

: Studies like " Conectados fuera, desconectados dentro " explore the digital gap in educational settings, where social media use outside the classroom contrasts with a lack of integration within school walls.