: In contrast, 83% of "card-not-present" data (used for online shopping) was sold, indicating it is in much higher demand and shorter supply.
Research from various sources, including Michigan State University and F-Secure , details the mechanics of these marketplaces: buy stolen credit card numbers online
: The shop listed over 19 million unique cards , but customers only bought 40% of the magnetic stripe data (used for physical counterfeit cards). : In contrast, 83% of "card-not-present" data (used
: The analyzed shop earned roughly $104 million in gross revenue over four years. : Buyers often paid more for cards from
: Buyers often paid more for cards from specific banks they perceived as having weaker fraud countermeasures . How the Underground Market Operates
This study is particularly interesting because it uses leaked data from a major underground shop to reveal the actual finances and business models of the "carding" world. Key Findings from "Swiped"
The primary research paper on this topic is presented at the USENIX Security Symposium in 2021.