Barbarization

: In early 20th-century art, movements like Expressionism were sometimes criticized as a "barbarization" of classical plastic forms —a rejection of Greek rationalism (squares, circles) in favor of raw emotion.

The most common focus is the "barbarization of the army." As the Roman Empire expanded and faced internal crises, it struggled to recruit enough Italian-born citizens. barbarization

Modern historians often challenge the idea that "barbarization" was the sole cause of Rome's fall. : In early 20th-century art, movements like Expressionism

: The army moved from a civic body of citizen-soldiers to a professional force increasingly reliant on foreign volunteers and foederati (allies). : In early 20th-century art