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: Vital for assessing blood flow in tumors, inflammation, and vascular malformations. 🏥 Clinical Applications

: Typically seen as hypoechoic (dark) lesions with irregular borders.

: Ultrasound is superior to clinical exams for staging, as it can detect subclinical fistulas and fluid collections.

: Appears dark (hypoechoic) because it is mostly fat lobules.

: Ultrasound helps measure the depth (ultrasonographic Breslow index) and check for nearby satellite metastases.

: Standard dermatologic exams require probes of at least 15 MHz ; ultra-high frequency (UHFUS) can reach up to 70 MHz for viewing minute structures like hair tracts. Layer Echogenicity : Epidermis : Appears as a bright, hyperechoic line.

: Differentiates solid tumors from fluid-filled cysts (anechoic) or fatty lipomas (often oval and hypoechoic). 2. Inflammatory Diseases