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S3 is R’s original, informal OOP system. It is essentially a list with a "class" attribute.
S4 is a more formal version of S3, requiring explicit class definitions with "slots" and typed data. Advanced Object-Oriented Programming in R: Stat...
Managing stateful objects (like database connections, caches, or GUI widgets) and avoiding R’s usual copy-on-modify behavior. S3 is R’s original, informal OOP system
90% of R tasks, especially providing print() , summary() , or plot() methods for new data types. Pros: Minimal boilerplate; easy to learn; highly flexible. S3 is R’s original